When a designer has to deal with thin current-carrying wires, a number of thermal issues pop up: Joule heating, heat losses and temperature measurement. For standard lead wires, one usually wants minimal Joule heating and minimum thermal resistance (in order to maximize the heat losses). Minimization of heat losses may be important for a research environment. Maximum Joule … [Read more...]
Liquid Cooling is Back
Introduction IBM announced its return to water cooling on April 19, 2005 with the introduction of a water cooled heat exchanger mounted to the back cover of a 19 inch rack. This is the first of the major datacom equipment manufacturers to employ water cooling for a rack of CMOS processors, using a cooling distribution unit supplying the water and rejecting the heat load to … [Read more...]
Threatened With a Pipe
I have become a Heel Dragger. When natural convection was all the rage, I was touting fans. Once fan cooling became the status quo, I started dropping hints about heat pipes and thermoelectric coolers. The technology roadmap showed nothing but higher power ahead, and I would soon need those fancier cooling tools. Now everybody senses that this air cooling act is growing stale, … [Read more...]
Review of Low Profile Cold Plate Technology for High Density Servers
Introduction Water cooling of computers was introduced more than twenty years ago, but had disappeared from the mainstream by the mid 1990s. The conversion of chip technology from bipolar to CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) was the main reason. As chip powers continue to increase, water cooling appears likely to become mainstream again. In the current market, the … [Read more...]
Phase Change Material Thermal Properties
Table 1. General Solid-Liquid PCM Characteristics [1] When electronics are operated under transient conditions, increasing the thermal capacitance is a useful technique for limiting temperature increases and/or minimizing the performance requirements of a heat sink. One effective method of increasing thermal capacitance is to include a material that undergoes a change of … [Read more...]
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