Introduction Today, there is a specific demand by the electronics consumer market: more devices using low power processors with multiple simultaneous CPU functions. Due to the significant demand in computing needs, the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2005 predicts an increase in the overall power consumption for some platforms [1]. The cooling issues … [Read more...]
Microscale heat transfer
Advances in microfabrication processes have led to a continuous miniaturization of Field Effect Transistors (FET) that contain semiconductor (e.g., silicon), insulator (e.g., silicon dioxide), and metallic (e.g., copper interconnects) layers only a few nanometers thick. Ever increasing demand for faster microprocessors and the continuous trend to pack more transistors on a … [Read more...]
In the data center, power and cooling costs more than the it equipment it supports
Historically, the cost of energy and the cost of the data center power and cooling infrastructure have not been on the radar for most Chief Financial Officers (CFO) and Chief Information Officers (CIO) and have not been considered in TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) models. As a result, almost all of the focus has been on driving down the cost of IT equipment in the data center. … [Read more...]
Adhesion of Thermal Interface Materials for CPU Heatsinks, an Overlooked Issue
High performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) inserted between the CPU lid and heatsink - generally referred to as the "TIM2" - provide a reworkable low resistance thermal path in the package stack-up. It is well-recognized that users need to monitor the thermal performance of the TIMs to verify vendor data [1, 2]. Less well-known is that the TIM2 can also mechanically … [Read more...]
The Seebeck Coefficient
In this issue, we address the Seebeck coefficient, a property that determines the performance of thermocouples and Peltier elements. Basically, the Seebeck coefficient is related to the fact that electrons are both carriers of electricity and heat. If a temperature gradient exists over a piece of electrically conductive wire, there is a net diffusion of electrons from the hot … [Read more...]
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